I. Classification by Laser Generator Type
Uses CO₂ gas as the medium, generating a mid-infrared laser (wavelength ~10.6μm) through electron discharge. Mature technology with low cost. Suitable for cutting non-metallic materials (e.g., acrylic, wood, fabric) and thin metals (stainless steel, carbon steel ≤3mm). However, it has low efficiency for thick metals and requires a large footprint.
Transmits laser through optical fibers, pumped by semiconductors, producing a near-infrared laser (wavelength ~1.06μm). High energy conversion efficiency (over 30%), fast cutting speed, and high precision. Widely used for metals (1-20mm thick, e.g., stainless steel, carbon steel, aluminum, copper). The mainstream choice for metal processing, ideal for automated production lines.
Uses yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) as the medium (wavelength 1.06μm), pumped by flashlamps or semiconductors. Stable pulse output. Suitable for thin metals (≤5mm) and precision processing (jewelry, electronic components). Lower efficiency and higher maintenance costs compared to fiber lasers.
Employs a disk-shaped laser medium (wavelength 1.03μm) with high heat dissipation efficiency, enabling high-power (several kilowatts) continuous output and excellent beam quality. Ideal for thick metals (≥10mm) or challenging welding tasks. High equipment cost, typically used in heavy industrial processing.
II. Classification by Structure and Application Scenarios
Compact size (usually ≤1m³), low power (50-100W). Suited for small workshops or education. Cuts thin materials like acrylic, leather, paper. Common in craft customization or DIY projects.
Features a gantry structure with a large worktable (e.g., 3m×1.5m+), power ranging from 500-6000W. Multi-axis support and high automation. Used for large metal sheets (e.g., automotive parts, steel structures).
Suspended cantilever design with a flexible worktable (ideal for materials ≤1.5m×1m). Small footprint and easy operation. Applied in sheet metal processing, advertising signs.
Equipped with specialized chucks and rotating axes for cutting round, square, or other tubes. Power typically 1000-4000W. Used in construction scaffolding, furniture tubes, automotive exhaust systems. Supports multi-angle cutting and punching.
III. Classification by Cutting Process Characteristics
Cuts directly in the air with auxiliary gases (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen) to remove molten slag. Simple structure, suitable for 常规切割 of most metals and non-metals.
Operates in a sealed chamber under high or low pressure to reduce oxidation during cutting (e.g., aluminum alloy processing). Enhances surface finish. Used in high-precision industries like aerospace and medical devices.
IV. Specialized Machines for Specific Industries
Ultrafast Laser Cutting Machine: Uses femtosecond/picosecond lasers for ultra-precise processing of semiconductors, photovoltaic cells, minimizing thermal damage.
3D Laser Cutting Machine: Multi-axis system for cutting curved parts (e.g., automotive body panels, aircraft engine blades).
Underwater Laser Cutting Machine: Designed for marine engineering, cutting metal structures underwater to reduce heat-affected zones and sparks.
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Ryder